Franchising in Kazakhstan

The most effective method to be a Welcome Guest Poster Posting on visitor destinations is an incredible method to build your profile, build up your own image †and unpretentiously plug an item or administration. Heres how to expand your odds of getting your posts acknowledged Composing visitor posts is an incredible method to advance your work and manufacture your own essayists image. Ive done a great deal of this as of late, to advance my book, Kitten on a Fatberg. Ive invested a considerable amount of energy sending off thoughts, perusing entries rules, and liaising with editors. Here are a portion of the things Ive learned en route Have something to sayâ Start Search for subjects that are article in nature yet lined up with your item. My book is a comic novel composed with two co-writers, for instance, so Ive tested out different plans to do with composing humor, crowdfunding a novel, teaming up on a book, etc. Research your marketsâ Its critical to ensure theres a solid match between what you need to state and where you may have the option to post it. A science fiction discussion may distribute bunches of visitor banners, for instance, yet in the event that youre a chick-lit creator youre most likely far-fetched to get one of them. You may have an incredible piece about a well known point, for example, efficiency or a temporarily uncooperative mind to offer, however on the off chance that the site has just secured this zone widely, youll most likely be unfortunate there as well. Transform subjects into ideasâ While introducing thoughts, attempt to tempt your editorial manager with a genuine eye catching title text and a standfirst †that appealing introduction para that magazines and papers use to draw individuals into perusing the full article. At that point, regardless of whether you are tending to a well known theme, you can show you have an exceptional edge on the subject, and you might be in karma. So as opposed to offering the dull and conventional sounding Top profitability tips, attempt 7 different ways to kill your internal slowpoke, followed Keep it individual Dont impact out a similar email to a major rundown of web journals and sites. Convey a couple at once, customizing every one, with a concise introduction about what your identity is (which you may likewise need to change each time). Concentrate on why your thoughts may bear some significance with perusers, get beneficiaries names right, and consistently Follow the rules The greatest bogeyman of composing online journals is, justifiably, entries from individuals who havent followed their rules. These are constantly provided unmistakably and in heaps of detail, so it will appear to be very rude to an editorial manager on the off chance that you overlook their solicitations about arranging, symbolism, topic, word tally, utilization of connections, and so forth. Some mainstream online journals will basically dismiss your thoughts or accommodation without a second thought if the rules havent been followed. Do as youre told! Editors will quite often need to make a couple of changes to your words. They may need some extra duplicate from you or request words to be cut. They will all the time change the introduction and opening area to cause it to sit better with their style and approach. Recollect editors know their business sectors and their titles back to front, and on the off chance that they need a few changes, it implies they need to distribute you very soon. Along these lines, this is no an ideal opportunity to be valuable about your composing †go with their article choices and turn any mentioned corrects round as quickly as possible. Last idea: Keep the promotion stuff to a minimumâ Theres a compensation in visitor posting †you give the supervisor some substance of significant worth, and theyll let you plug your book. In any case, dont exaggerate the limited time component †if your piece is packed loaded with references to your book, it will simply appear to be one major advert, and it wont be acknowledged. Composing something that is helpful or engaging for individuals is the best promotion for your work, all things considered.

The Cinema Effect: Illusion, Reality, and the Moving Image Matthew Buckingham: a Man in the Crowd

A Mirrored Image of Reality Realism is a domain of workmanship that centers around an individual’s viewpoint of this present reality using changing mediums. In verifiable occasions craftsman have consistently and wherever tried to grow the topic of their work just as the media in which they work. It is precise to state that the historical backdrop of political concealment of human expressions from Egyptian occasions to Byzantium to Nazism and Zhdanovism is an indication of endeavors to confine or annul extension of aesthetic topic or new structures or styles.The drive to break out of the limits of traditional portrayal emerges from the need to communicate new encounters and points of view. What's more, as advancements in aesthetic media reflect equal specialized revelations and developments, so additionally does the drive to grow the skylines of topic reflecting major changes in social relations, social needs, and social qualities and destinations. In the â€Å"Cinema Effect Illusions, Reality, and the Moving Image† show the different specialists look to make works that coordinate film into our apparent idea of reality.Amongst the craftsmen included in the display is Matthew Buckingham. Matthew Buckingham does a brief film dependent on Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Man in the crowd† likewise a similar name of his film. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The man in the crowd† is a story and not a genuine film. Buckingham subsequent to perusing the account was hit with how the story could be an analogy and worldview for the topic of genuine filmmaking itself, Buckingham’s film is a quiet film created in dark and white.There are numerous equals with Poe’s story and Buckingham’s film. Buckingham’s film gives the visual part of Poe’s account. In any case, Buckingham’s film is progressively contemporary, he changes the setting of the film from nineteenth century Paris to that of cutting edge Vienn a. Poe didn’t know London and subtleties are obtained from Dickens, Poe’s London sounds increasingly like New York versus nineteenth century London. The subtleties that Poe utilizes originate from a survey that Poe did of a story by Dickens.Poe fictionalizes the story by saying, â€Å"they secured and crossed the edges of the city† which would have been difficult to do around then, his portrayal sounds increasingly like cutting edge Vienna . With Poe’s â€Å"The man in the crowd† one man is following a total outsider however it is hazy whether the adherent is ever mindful that he is being followed or on the off chance that he ever recognizes the man that tails him; the distinction with Buckingham is that he includes another character, he presents the camera as a character in the film.Edgar Allan Poe’s story is from one keeps an eye on perspective, a man sits at a coffeehouse and watches individuals stroll by and portrays them, of the individ uals he sees stroll by him he is charmed by an older man of his word who strolls by him, and afterward the man in the bistro starts to tail him. A man basically gets keen on another keeps an eye on way and afterward he invests in tailing him furtively for a twenty-four hour time frame in would like to get the hang of something about the man . In this time span, the older noble man experiences out London in a mutilated manner moving between different places in no specific way or reason.Matthew Buckingham’s form starts with a youngster wearing a dark shirt and dim shaded jeans in a bistro. In is the main part of the film where there is some exchange, which is heard. The youngster sits at a table with a huge window that pears into the midtown zone of Vienna, there are numerous individuals that stroll by him and get his attention. While he sits a more seasoned man wearing a suit strolls by and grabs his eye. Starting here on the youngster starts to follow the more established man of honor in the suit.Throughout the length of the film the more youthful man furtively follows the more seasoned man of honor. The more seasoned man of honor doesn't seem to detect that he is being followed, the man go to different spots, there is no reasonable goal a corresponding with Poe’s story yet the more established man of the two doesn't give off an impression of being confused in any capacity though in Poe’s story the man is captivated by the more seasoned man due to his mutilated state. In the film the vast majority of the scenes just element the more seasoned man, there are not many scenes where the man strolls around crowed zones and spaces permitting the watcher to just concentrate on this man.There is one section in the film where the man being followed recognizes his adherent, the men are both strolling through what seems, by all accounts, to be a mobile through a shrubbery garden, now the man in the suit begins running as though he understands that som ebody is tailing him, however he never pivots to recognize the man tailing him starting here on the man in the suit has vanished from the film yet he is then show in another scene. In the accompanying scene this is the first occasion when that the more youthful man is presented in the film.Throughout the film just the rear of the man in the suit is seen we never get a full perspective on both of the men, presently, in this scene the camera is presented as another character in the film. Before this point in the film is was vague to know whether the more youthful man was additionally the camera fellow yet realize obviously he is separated of the film as a character. The accompanying scene starts to follow the man in the suit again however this time the watcher can get a closer perspective on him.Both men stand directly close to one another and the edge of the camera moves between the two men. There is a move in the film the more seasoned man turns into somewhat more ignorant and confu sed as the film proceeds. The man in the suit starts strolls into a packed zone and he looks as though he is attempting to discover a person or thing, now the two men are sufficiently close to one another to where they can truly grasp each other. The more established man is distracted in his musings that he actually brushes past the other man and leaves the structure they are in quickly.Transitioning in the film the more seasoned man goes to a train station and he now shows up perplexed and confounded he strolls in the station and looks as though he is going to load up one of the trains yet stops himself and leaves. Now the man is back outside and the center movements from the more established man as individuals stroll before him and he appears to be lost inside the group, sunsets and the man is turns into the concentrate again and he keeps on strolling randomly. He at that point goes into a bar and he is among the numerous individuals in the bar, when he leaves it is totally dull a nd the film ends.This film represents a kind of authenticity since it delineates a practical part of regular day to day existence without embellishment. The real film depends on one man; the film tails him all through one twenty-four hour time span. The main unreasonable part of the film is simply the film, that somebody is furtively following someone else. The keeps an eye on activities in the film follow regular movement. Buckingham made a film that even permits the watcher to be superimposed inside it. The film is shown from two projectors. The projector is unattached and resembles a window, much the same as that of the window in the bistro where the film begins.So once we superimpose ourselves before the projector we are currently separated of the film. The film turns out to be genuine and separated of the watchers reality on the grounds that even the watcher can encounter what is happening and be separated. The watcher presently plays the job of the camera or the individual aft er the man and experience what is happening. Additionally the man in the group is a relatable character we would all be able to relate to the man in the group. The man that was followed was picked haphazardly, he had no clue he was being followed and he had no discernable attributes that would make he an undeniable up-and-comer. Buckingham’s film is like a presentation by Vito Acconci.Vito Acconci does an exhibition like that of what Buckingham does in his film while Acconci chases after a man without his authorization. The two craftsmen push the limits of what workmanship is and its associations with life and its world. The two specialists with their work obscure the line of craftsman and the apparent crowd/subject. These works can be delegated cutting edge and how they move away from the considered gauges and attributes of workmanship and what it ought to be craftsmanship without a particular structure and coordinated observation. In this equivalent way Matthew Buckinghamâ €™s film is like the photographs of Jeff Wall.Jeff Wall utilizes photography to catch the various parts of our world and saw reality. One of Jeff Wall’s photographs is â€Å"A see from an Apartment†, in this photograph Wall delineates a common scene among two flat mates, yet he has changed the photograph somewhat to cause the photograph to show up increasingly sensible, he utilizes this picture to portray two unique parts of our world. His work like that of Buckingham’s talks about our social thoughts of the world. Like that of photography film can catch a second as it occurs, with mechanical advances in both there is the capacity to return and change or control the symbolism to something else.With both craftsman they can cause their specialty to show up as though it were regular and unaltered. Buckingham’s film seems regular and natural with no control, yet the characters of the film where all mindful of one another and Buckingham’s idea and t hought for this film accordingly making this reality fake. There are intriguing and enlightening records of craftsmanship going from exacting formalism to therapy, however that these had best be enlisted and tried against increasingly broad logical hypotheses of human culture and culture.When this is done, the substance of crafted by workmanship can be identified with the methods for logical, sensible and observational speculations of culture and society. This film addresses so

On the other side of CPW

On the other side of CPW I wrote a blog post about how excited I was for CPW last week.  Other posts include the ones by Lydia K. 14 and Anna H. 14.  One thing that I did not expect about the weekend was that it would be so strange and even sometimes sad being on the other side of CPW. I knew that it would be different but I didnt expect everything to be so weird.  It made me miss my own CPW so much, but so grateful of the opportunities and experiences I had during that weekend just one year ago.  I also didnt expect the weekend to have such a terrible end to it see Anna H. 14s post and Michael C. 16s post about yesterdays events.  Also, see Chris Petersons picture of the green building lit up in remembrance of those whos lives were lost or injured yesterday. Heres a picture I took of the green building: This really was a terrible event, and I cant believe that so many lives were lost or injured.  MIT is thinking of those who were affected by yesterdays events, and I hope that we can come out of this stronger and more united than ever. I would still like to share some of the highlights of CPW: Hacks: Tetris (again) Tetris was on the green building again!  It was really fun and students had a great time playing again. DNA This Sunday was the 10th anniversary of the Human Genome Project, and what better time to unveil an amazing creation?  In the outside indent between buildings 6 and 8, there was a giant supersized DNA helix.  The DNA nucleotides represented amino acids with letter-codes that spelled out IHTFP. Photos of DNA Helix taken by Caroline L. 16 Events: Hair Dyeing I helped with dyeing hair during CPW!!  I did my friend Ali F. 16s hair and it came out great :) I also dyed my hair with the help of Alyssa W. 16 and Annie L. 15.  It came out super rainbow-ey. Meet the Bloggers It was so great seeing all the other bloggers!!  It had been awhile since we had all (or at least most of us) hung out together, and I really liked seeing everyone.  Sadly, I had to leave early for another event, but it was really awesome talking to prefrosh who were interested in becoming bloggers or at least really excited to meet us.  I also got the chance to talk to Lydia K. 14 about her awesome cow-a-day project which was really interesting. East Campus Building So many things to build and paint and climb!! Cats: Our cats were really happy for the attention that prefrosh brought to them.  Other times, they were really sad. Most of the time, they were really tired. Other times, Derp cat was licking forks. On a final note: I hope that everybody affected by yesterdays tragedy knows that they are not alone, and that the entire MIT community is thinking of them.

West Side Story Essay - 741 Words

In 1961, West Side Story, a filmed version of the hit Broadway musical that was inspired by William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, was released to viewers, who just could not resist the energy and excitement of the movie. Thirty-eight years later, viewers, like myself, still cannot resist it. I had never seen the film, which was directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins, before, but I had always wondered why people loved this multi award-winning movie so much. After viewing the film, I think that it deserved the ten Academy Awards that it won because it has withstood the test of time and it truly is a remarkable film. It still has the same flair and ability to lure the viewer into the plot as it did when it was first shown in†¦show more content†¦The Jets immediately hate the Sharks because they are different and vice versa. The two gangs’ hatred is brought to a public level at a dance the same night as the first fight. During the dance, sparks fly between th e sister of the leader of the Sharks, Maria, played by Natalie Wood, and former co-founding member of the Jets, Tony, and their Romeo and Juliet-like romance begins. Although the doomed Romeo and Juliet plot was rather predictable, the choreography and songs, which I think were the main reasons why this film won Best Picture, were not. I never knew when the actors were going to start singing and dancing, which added a delightful element of mystery to the film. The directors and cinematographer, Daniel L. Fapp, worked together to change the way musicals were traditionally shot. Instead of using traditional long shots, they used quick cuts and varied angles to enhance the appeal of the musical numbers. I was fascinated by the way the colorful costumes, which won the Oscar for Best Costume Design, fit together perfectly with the dance numbers to enhance the entire scene. The way the women tossed the skirts of their frilly, bright dresses around to fit the beats of the music truly made the scenes wonderful. The scenery in the film was perfect for the West Side of New York City. The rooftops, alleys, and secluded spots are what won West Side Story the Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Color Oscar. The songs are unforgettably beautiful, especially â€Å"IShow MoreRelated West Side Story Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesWest Side Story 1. Point out how the general setting of the play is established. Give at least two examples. The play West Side Story takes place in a suburb on the West Side of New York City. We can conclude that we are talking about a socially disadvantaged suburb as the surrounding area is described with high brick walls, not very attractive and by the presence of the two gangs – the Jets and the Sharks. We are also able to say in which time period the actions take place. As anRead MoreWest Side Story Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie West Side Story directed by Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise is a reinterpretation of the famous play, Romeo Juliet. The movie associate producer Saul Chaplin, music by Leonard Bernstein, film editor Thomas Stanford, costume design by Victor A Gangelin, and production manager, Allen K. Wood. The actors playing in the movie are Richard Beymer, Natalie Wood, Russ Tamblyn, Rita Moreno, George Chakiris, Tucker Smith, Tony Mordente, David Winters, Eliot Feld, Bert Michaels, Robert Banas, CaroleRead MoreWest Side Story Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1961, West Side Story, a filmed version of the hit Broadway musical that was inspired by William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, was released to viewers, who just could not resist the energy and excitement of the movie. Thirty-eight years later, viewers, like myself, still cannot resist it. I had never seen the film, which was directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins, befo re, but I had always wondered why people loved this multi award-winning movie so much. After viewing the film, I thinkRead MorePrejudices in The West Side Story by Arthur Laurents Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesThe book West Side Story written by Arthur Laurents is set in the mid 1950’s, created as modern version of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. West Side Story is a romantic tragedy about two characters that are supposedly completely different and aren’t accepted when they fall in love. The â€Å"difference’s† between these characters is centered on the prejudice’s they had against each other. Prejudice is a harsh opinion or feeling formed previously without any knowledge or reason. The Jets and the SharksRead MoreWest Side Story by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance combining music, dance, acting and spoken dialogue. Written by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim, ‘West Side Storyà ¢â‚¬â„¢ is a classic American musical based on William Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’. The through-composed score and lyrics are used to portray different characters and their cultures, the rivalry between the Jets and Sharks, and the emotions felt as the story progresses. This essay will be exploring the music and how effective the score is in realising the world and charactersRead MoreLove in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and in the Movie West Side Stories876 Words   |  4 Pagesmost well known love stories of all time in the play from the 15th century, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare tells the tale of young love and fatal misfortune. With the same message the musical from the 50’s, West Side Story directed by Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise carries out a similar story of young love and tragedy. Although some are touched by these love stories, others believe it tells a tale of young fools. 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OneRead MoreThe Importance of West Side Story Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesWest Side Story is one of the great contributors to musical theatre, in particular Broadway where it originally opened on September 26 1957 at the Winter garden Theatre. The production ran for 732 performances before entering the world of film in 1961. However, I believe its significance lies in the heart of the theatre where the audience is subjected to different styles of music, dance and of course an adaptation of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. In fact, Leonard Bernstein first decided to call

Functional Consequences Of Marijuana Use - 1827 Words

Functional Consequences of Marijuana Use in Adolescents: A Critique of Jacobus, Bava, Cohen-Zion, Mahmood, and Tapert (2009) Aalia Inamdar University of San Diego Functional Consequences of Marijuana Use in Adolescents: A Critique of Jacobus, Bava, Cohen-Zion, Mahmood, and Tapert (2009) ABSTRACT: Functional Consequences of Marijuana Use in Adolescents: A critical review of Jacobus, Bava, Cohen-Zion, Mahmood, and Tapert (2009) addresses the question of how does the use of marijuana affect an adolescent’s brain functioning, structure and sleep. The article assesses many other studies and literatures in order to summarize the conclusions respective to these affects of marijuana use. Through careful review of these studies, the authors were able to determine the affects on an adolescent’s brain functioning, structure and sleep. The results which are presented dictate that Adolescents who use marijuana have a disadvantaged in their processing speed of attention and learning depicted through some subtle abnormalities in the brain structure. Consequently, adolescents with have prolonged marijuana use generally require more brain processing to complete tasks. In addition to the above, marijuana use in adolescents also affects their ability to sleep. In conclusion, res earch shows that some abnormalities associated with marijuana use continue after a month of stopping the use of marijuana, but many abnormalities may stop after 3 months of quitting. In thisShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 Pagesand alcohol abuse on friends and family and how your friends and family may react to your choices. 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Keeping the next generation from even starting drug abuse will completely eliminate the problem, but achieving that level of abstinence would be impossible. drug abuse will always be a problem, but there

Understanding the history of a Biomedical scientist Free Essays

Introduction If one was to ask someone what a biomedical scientists was 15 years ago, the response would probably be pardon?, but now that we are in the 21 century it has become more of acknowledge role in the healthcare industry and amongst the public. However the term biomedical scientist is still not used, one is more likely to hear terms like virologist, haematologist, microbiologist, cytologist, and many others. Biomedical science is a broad term used to encapsulate a diverse range of professions in health care and other industries. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the history of a Biomedical scientist or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first sign of viruses in history was probably discovered in the Egyptian times, when a dead corpse was found in tomb with abnormal tissues of smallpox. The body seem to show signs of yellow fever and other viruses and signs of paralytic poliomyelitis, which is caused from polio. As time went on people with polio viruses seemed to be successfully continuing with their life, however when the daunting HIV and Hepatitis B broke out there were more deaths. These viral diseases not only caused harm to humans but also to the planet, plants, fish, birds and other living mammals. Conclusion The word virus comes from the Greek meaning ‘poison’, the word virus has been commonly used in the English language for years. One of the very first people to identify invisible viruses that was able to cause infectious diseases, was a bacteriologist, unfortunately technology that we now use to recognise disease were not present. Edward Jenner was a as scientist who cleverly used materials from cowpox as a vaccine to prevent smallpox. Many other people of whom were not scientist were able to create vaccines to prevent other disease e.g. Louis Pasteur he created a vaccine for children that had been bitten from a rabid animal. How to cite Understanding the history of a Biomedical scientist, Essay examples

Women in Upper Canada an Example by

Women in Upper Canada Generally, in the past, women in Upper Canada lived according to their social classes and most of all, according to the norms that society has dictated on them. Women who possess wealth, power, and influence are relatively treated differently by society as compared to the women who belong to the lower class. Aside from social status, another major factor that determines how women were treated in Upper Canada in the past was their race or color. It is well-known that during that time non-whites were generally considered as the lower forms of human beings while the white people were the superior ones. In the past, those who were not members of the white race or in other words, the minority, were discriminated. However, while the treatment towards minority groups was the same for both genders, the actions of and perceptions toward women was significantly different. Need essay sample on "Women in Upper Canada" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The lives of women in Upper Canada in the past were discussed in Julia Roberts paper A Mixed Assemblage of Persons: Race and Tavern Space in Upper Canada and Kevin Wamsely and Robert Kossuths paper Fighting It Out in Nineteenth Century Upper Canada/Canada West: Masculinities and Physical Challenges in the Tavern. In both papers, the lives of women were depicted particularly through their actions inside a tavern, which was once a nineteenth century rest stop for traveller and colonist, both gentleman and gentlewoman alike (Wamsely great mixture of rank and persons that included women (Roberts, 2002, p. 4). In short, both papers showed that women, regardless of color and social status, were able to enjoy the entertainment, liquor, and relief that a tavern during the nineteenth century provided. However, their actions of women inside the tavern were different mainly because of what society during that time dictated on them. For the purpose of brevity, women can be classified as either rich, such as members of the nobility, or poor, such as the gamblers and alcohol drinkers. During that time there were increasing limitations on public life for urban, married, middle class women (Wamsely physical strength and athleticism were considered to be appropriate characteristics of men only (Wamsely public drinking was indecent for women (Wamsely t exempted. Furthermore, part of the basis of a womans character in Upper Canada was their affiliations to the taverns. During that time, a womans reputation, which includes her employment opportunities, could easily be tainted by their connections to unsavoury public houses (Wamsley & Kossuth, 2000, p. 416) and even lewd behavior. In short, aside from race and social status, it is society that significantly determined the lives of women in Upper Canada in the past. Both readings showed how women were not allowed to perform a lot of activities that men do. It can then be deduced that women were not given the same rights and opportunities that men have. Although this treatment and perception towards women is no longer prevalent today, there are still a lot of instances that women are considered weaker than men not only in Upper Canada but across the globe as well. References Roberts, J. (2002). A Mixed Assemblage of Persons: Race and Tavern Space in Upper Canada. The Canadian Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 1. Wamsely, K. & Kossuth, R. (2000). Fighting It Out in Nineteenth Century Upper Canada/Canada West: Masculinities and Physical Challenges in the Tavern. Journal of Sport History, Vol. 27, No. 3.

Calderas - Worlds Largest

Calderas - Worlds Largest Calderas are large craters formed by volcanic explosions or by unsupported surface rock collapsing into empty magma chambers beneath the ground. They sometimes are referred to as supervolcanoes. One way to understand calderas is to think of them as reverse volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions often will be the cause of magma chambers being left empty and leaving  the volcano above unsupported. This can cause the ground above, sometimes an entire volcano, to collapse into the empty chamber. Yellowstone Park Yellowstone Park is perhaps the most well-known caldera in the United States, drawing millions of tourists every year. According to Yellowstones website, the supervolcano was the site of massive eruptions 2.1 million years ago, 1.2 million years ago, and 640,000 years ago. Those eruptions were, respectively, 6,000 times, 70 times, and 2,500 times more powerful than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. Explosive Force What today is known as Lake Toba in Indonesia is the result of perhaps the greatest volcanic eruption since the dawn of early man. Approximately 74,000 years ago, Mount Tobas eruption produced about 2,500 times more volcanic ash than Mount St. Helens. This led to a volcanic winter that had a devastating effect on the entire human population  of the time. The volcanic winter lasted six years and led to a 1,000-year-long ice age, according to research, and the world population was reduced to about 10,000 adults. Potential Modern Impact Research into how a massive eruption would impact the world day shows the effects to be potentially devastating. One study focusing on Yellowstone suggests another eruption comparable in size to the three biggest ones of the past 2.1 million  years would kill 87,000 people instantly. The volume of ash would be enough to collapse rooftops in states surrounding the park. Everything within about 60 miles would be destroyed, most of the western United States would be covered in about 4 feet of ash, and an ash cloud would spread across the entire planet, casting it in shadow for days. The impact on vegetation could lead to food shortages across the planet. Visiting the Largest Calderas on the Planet Yellowstone is just one of many calderas throughout the world. Like Yellowstone, many of the others can be interesting and fascinating places to visit and to study. Below is a list of the worlds largest calderas: Caldera name Country Location Size(km) Mostrecenteruption La Pacana Chile 23.10 S67.25 W 60 x 35 Pliocene PastosGrandes Bolivia 21.45 S67.51 W 50 x 40 8.3 Ma Kari Kari Bolivia 19.43 S65.38 W 30 Unknown Cerro Galan Argentina 25.57 S65.57 W 32 2.5 Ma Awasa Ethiopia 7.18 N38.48 E 40 x 30 Unknown Toba Indonesia 2.60 N98.80 E 100 x 35 74 ka Tondano Indonesia 1.25 N124.85 E 30 x 20 Quaternary Maroa/Whakamaru NewZealand 38.55 S176.05 E 40 x 30 500 ka Taupo NewZealand 38.78 S176.12 E 35 1,800 yr Yellowstone USA-WY 44.58 N110.53 W 85 x 45 630 ka La Garita USA-CO 37.85 N106.93 W 75 x 35 27.8 Ma Emory USA-NM 32.8 N107.7 W 55 x 25 33 Ma Bursum USA-NM 33.3 N108.5 W 40 x 30 28-29 Ma Longridge(McDermitt) USA-OR 42.0 N117.7 W 33 ~16 Ma Socorro USA-NM 33.96 N107.10 W 35 x 25 33 Ma TimberMountain USA-NV 37 N116.5 W 30 x 25 11.6 Ma ChinatiMountains USA-TX 29.9 N104.5 W 30 x 20 32-33 Ma Long Valley USA-CA 37.70 N118.87 W 32 x 17 50 ka greater MalySemiachik/Pirog Russia 54.11 N159.65 E 50 ~50 ka greater BolshoiSemiachik Russia 54.5 N160.00 E 48 x 40 ~50 ka greaterIchinsky Russia 55.7 N157.75 E 44 x 40 ~50 ka greaterPauzhetka Russia 51 N157 E ~40 300 ka greaterKsudach Russia 51.8 N157.54 E ~35 ~50 ka Source: Cambridge Volcanology Group  caldera database

Fellowship Opportunities for Writers in Berlin

Fellowship Opportunities for Writers in Berlin Berlin has long been known for its thriving international arts and literary communities. It is equally known for the support that exists for writers and artists in the city. Centrally located within Europe, it is an easy train ride or flight to other major cultural destination cities, including Barcelona, Florence, Paris, and Prague, and serves as a font of inspiration for creative people from all artistic walks of life. Many are familiar with writers such as Christopher Isherwood, Franz Kafka, and Robert Walser, who found inspiration for their stories in Berlin, and musician David Bowie, who recorded three albums while living in the city. Since moving to Berlin in July 2013, I have immersed myself in the local literary community and have found the following resources for international writers seeking short-term residencies here. American Academy in Berlin americanacademy.de/ Located in the lakeside Hans Arnold Center in the Wansee neighborhood of Berlin, the American Academy offers annual Berlin Prize fellowships to scholars, writers, and artists who represent the highest standards of excellence in their fields. Past Fellows include poets Susan Howe, Tom Sleigh, and C.K. Williams, and novelists Kiran Desai, Jonathan Safran Foer, and Ha Jin. The upcoming class of Fellows for 2014-2015 includes writers Mary Jo Bang, Tom Drury, and Adam Ross. Fellows commit to spend one academic semester (fall or spring) at the Academy, and the prize includes a monthly stipend, partial board, and a residence at the Center in Wansee. The deadline for applications for 2015-2016 is September 29, 2014. Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst/German Academic Exchange Service DAAD North America daad.org The Artists-in-Berlin Program (Berliner Kà ¼nstlerprogramm) of the German Academic Exchange Service (commonly referred to as DAAD) provides about 20 grants to international artists in the fields of visual arts, literature, music, and film, for an approximately one-year stay in Berlin. The grant includes a monthly stipend, an apartment, workspace (studio), and funds for projects. U.S. writers who spent a year in Berlin through the program include Eugene Ostashevsky, Robert Creeley, and Rosmarie and Keith Waldrop. The deadline for applications to the program is January 1, 2015. ZK/U-Zentrum fà ¼r Kunst und Urbanistik zku-berlin.org/ The ZK/U-Zentrum fà ¼r Kunst und Urbanistik (Center for Art and Urbanistics) provides residencies of two to eight months for artists, scholars, and practitioners (curators, activists, autodidacts, etc.) interested in cross-disciplinary theory and practice dealing with the city. Recent participants include poet Stephen Motika and novelist Alan Cunningham. For individual fellows selected for the program, depending on the studio-apartment and the length of the stay, costs can be between 500 and 800 Euros per month. ZK/U will work with selected fellows in support of efforts to obtain funding to cover the cost through external grants. The deadline for applications for the Autumn-Winter 2014-2015 residency is July 27, 2014. American poets who wish to spend time in Berlin, Germany (or other cities abroad), can also consider applying for the competitive Amy Lowell Traveling Scholarship (amylowell.org/), which awards one scholarship of approximately $54,000 to an American poet who agrees to spend the entire year abroad. The deadline for applications for the scholarship is October 15, 2014. Inspiration can be found everywhere. But sometimes, the opportunity to travel can bring you out of a rut and lead your writing in unexpected, and exciting, directions.

Malnutrition Universal Screening tool (MUST) assessment tool Essay

Malnutrition Universal Screening tool (MUST) assessment tool - Essay Example The screening tool should be simple, quick to use, valid, reliable and acceptable to both patient and the nurse. It should be convenient for use in all types of settings and for all types of patients. MUST was developed in Britain with these aims (Gibney et al, 2005). It was developed by the Malnutrition Advisory group, a multidisciplinary group of British Association for parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN, 2008), in 2000. It is recommended by British dietetic Association, The Royal College of Nursing, The registered nursing homes Association and The Royal college of Physician (England). It is an evidence based tool designed to detect malnutrition and obesity but not vitamin and mineral deficiency. MUST is developed for use in all adults including elderly, sick or healthy , hospital wards, outpatient clinics, general practice , community settings and public health (Thomas et al, 2007; Morrison et al 2007). A number of studies were conducted in these settings. Agreement was >95% in all studies prior to recommending the tool in practice, according to BAPEN (2008) MUST meets all the key requirements of a good tool. The tool is developed by experts in the field and validated by subsequent research. It is easy, quick and reliable besides recommended by recognized professional bodies. The tool has incorporated three elements viz. BMI, unintentional weight loss and acute disease effect to minimise error occurring from single element measurement. The present article is intends to discuss reliability and validity of the tool in light of controversial views about the BMI and other factors as indicator of nutritional status. MUST is a five-step screening tool to identify adults who are malnourished, at risk of malnutrition (undernutrition), or obese. MUST is designed to detect protein-energy malnutrition. Three parameters are used: current weight status

Learning Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning Letter - Essay Example I also believe that personal development is the key to improve self-knowledge, identity, talents as well as enhancing the quality of life. Without personal development realizing one’s dreams and aspirations are not possible. I continually thrive to achieve personal development through inspirations and small things in life. Accepting the things we cannot change and appreciating the things that we are have are critical for personal growth in my experience. I also believe that one has to do the things that he/she love in order to succeed in anything. Without the passion for doing things, it cannot be a success. I always try my best to believe in myself and to give my all when I am engaged to a particular work. I believe that I have grown so much through this class, both personally and academically. It was not an easy process for me, but I managed to stay my course through my hard work and dedication to my course.    I took IB English during high school, and I thought things would be so much easier in university. However, I was wrong. Other than the heavy workload, English is my third language after Indonesian and Chinese. Often times I used to feel like I will get the lowest grade in this class, as most of the students here are primarily English speaker. This thought often makes me feel like I am not capable of doing it, but then my desire to succeed drives me to work even harder. Looking at the syllabus given, I knew from the start that out of the four pillars of the course objectives, â€Å"Process† would be the most difficult part for me as I am not a big fan of writing margin notes for people. Writing margin notes is basically correcting grammar, sentence structure, and flow of sentences. At first, it took me hours to write margin notes for my first peer review draft.  Ã‚  However, after a few workshop sessions and practice I finally got the gist of it. After some practice it becam e easier for me to see what was missing and what

Cima Defines Management Accounting As The Process Of Identification Accounting Essay

Cima Defines Management Accounting As The Process Of Identification Accounting Essay Accounting is the methodical or precise recording, reporting, and assessment of financial deals and transactions of a business. Accounting also involves the preparation of statements or declarations concerning assets, liabilities, and outcomes of operations of a business CIMA defines Management Accounting as the process of identification, measurement, calculation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to ensure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources. An important contrast between the two segments of accounting is that management accounting is not mandatory in the sense that a company is free to do as much or as little as it likes and no regulatory bodies or agencies specify what is to be done, or, for that matter, whether anything is to be done at all. The sole objective of management accounting is to provide the managers with a detailed analysis of the cost incurred and to assist them develop strategies to increase profits and reduce costs. Costing is a function which links both financial and management accounting. Without proper product cost information a manufacturing, wholesale or retail organization would be unable to segregate the cost of sold and unsold outputs. Such segregation is essential to obtain periodic profitability measurement. Introduction of finance Finance can be defined as the art and science of managing money. Virtually all individuals and organization earn or raise money and spend or invest money. Finance is concerned with the process, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments. Finance, in another word, can be defined as the management of the flows of money through an organization, whether it be a corporation, school, bank, or government agency. Finance concerns itself with the actual flows of money as well as any claims against money. The term financial management, managerial finance, corporate finance, and business finance are virtually synonymous and are used interchangeably, most of the managerial finance. Finance is regarded as the life-blood of the business unit. This  function involves planning, procurement and effective utilisation of the funds of the business. Relationship Between finance and accounting Finance concerns with account because financial accounting is one branch of accounting. Accounting relates to booking of the historical transaction of an organization and it leads to preparation of financial status of the company stating that asset and what liabilities are held by the entity as on the day when relevant period like a year ends i.e. Balance Sheet Financial status is concluded from the accounting records (i.e. balance sheet, profit and loss account). Account keeps the record of the organizations income, expenditure, asset liabilities and by evaluating those transactions finance makes the decision for investment like where to invest? How much funds to invest? Etc. In a short form we can say that where account ends of keeping records, finance starts the work by evaluating them. Finance is connected with accounting. The accounting process produces one of the essential raw materials needed to make financial decisions, financial data. Accounting is a tool for handling only the financial aspects of business operations. It is geared to the financial ends of business only because these are measurable on the scale of money values. The distinction between financial management and management accounting is semantic one, but the gap between the two is rapidly closing. Financial management, however, has the broader meaning of planning and control of all activities by financial means, while management accounting originally meant the internal management of finance. The accountant devotes his attention to the collection and presentation of financial data. The financial officer evaluates the accountant statements, develops additional data and arrives at decisions based on his analysis. As a matter of fact, sound financial management is a matter of good accounting Accounting and Finance is a very important function of any business either for profit making or for non-profit making institutions. It provides an avenue where a business analyses its operations in terms of what they own, what comes and what goes out. This write-up looks deeper into the accounting and financial processes in an organization and the problems associated with these processes. The introduction part tries to look into the meaning of accounting and finance and the processes involved in each case. The main discussion focuses on deeper diagnosis of the problems encountered in accounting and financial processes. Functions of the business The function of a business can be divided into two parts.1) Primary function 2) secondary function Primary function is a function of that kind which is needed basically to operate an organization. The primary function of business can be divide into these parts Finance function Production function Marketing function Finance function: finance is regarded as the life blood of the business unit. This function involves planning, procurement and effective utilization of the funds of business. Without finance function it is not possible to run a business Production function: The function of production involves making or production of a product or creating services by using human resource, raw materials and capital. A number of process, technology, and techniques are use for production. It entails plant location and layout, plant building, production planning and quality control. For the production function it involves with human resource function and finance function of business. Since production helps in the creation of utilities, this has been considered as the most important function of the business. Marketing functions: this function is primarily linked with the distribution of manufactured product or services. It involves with the sale of the product. For that function it uses human resource and finance. For smooth marketing of the product, the marketing manager decides on the product, its packing and branding, deciding the distribution channel and promoting the future sales. Secondary function of the business is accounting. When a business comes in an operation, it has its some transactions of income and expenditures. Those transactions lies in accounting function of the business. The secondary function can be divided into these parts Collect and analyze data from business transactions. Keep transactions according to system of accounting Prepare financial statements Send the report to other departments of the business. Relating finance with other business functions Financial management is an integral part of overall management. It is not a totally independent. Finance is omnipresent and it is associated with the plans and results of every functional department because every proposal and every decision entails financial problems or has an influence on financial results. it is closely associated with economics, accounting and interfaces with such areas as marketing, production, human resource management and quantitative techniques. Finance and economics: Finance and economics are closely related. Economics as defined by economist is the study humans behavior in producing, exchanging, and definition the materials, goods and services he wants. The definition is somewhat similar to our definition of finance. Finance might be viewed as the study of economics events in which it is possible to put a rupee sign on the transaction. In this context, finance is an application of economics. The individual interested in making financial decision is well served by having a sound foundation in economics. The link between economics and financial management is close. A study of financial management is likely to be barren if it is divorced from the study of economics. Financial management has, in fact, evolved over the years as an autonomous branch of economics. . Finance and marketing: Financial management is intimately related with marketing. The financial manager while formulating credit and collection policies for the firm must consult the marketing manager because these policies directly affect magnitude of sales of the firm. Whether to sell for credit, to what extent and on what terms are parts of the sales strategy of a firm. But they have financial implications too because the funds will be tied up in receivables must be made available and any shift in policies will affect on receivables. Thus this aspect of business decisions involves both sales and finance. Alongside this, the financial manager will have to draw upon the fundamentals of marketing while deciding whether to invest funds in a given business enterprises and in discovering how to market stocks and bonds (R.M. srivastava; 1986). What marketing personnel forecast, the financial manager then determines the financial dimension of the forecasts. Finance and Production Function: Financial management is also closely associated with production functions. Any changes in the production functions may necessitate capital expenditures, which the financial manager must evaluate and finance. He is primarily responsible for supplying funds to finance inventory and fixed assets, which must earn sufficient return to cover the cast involved in procuring funds. Finance and human resources management: Human resources management, the management of investment in personnel or employees has important financial considerations. At the organizational level, financial manager must decide whether it would be profitable to finance special training for employees or not. Finance and Quantitative techniques: Financial management is also closely related with quantitative techniques. The advance study of finance requires considerable sophistication in quantitative methods. An understanding of statistical techniques appears to be especially valuable since May financial decisions rely on observing relationship and acting on the basis of these relationships. particulars Debit ( £) Credit ( £) Stock 1.1 Purchase Fuel power Building Salaries Machinery Debtors Cash at bank Wages Carriage outward Investment Rent Stationery Goodwill Interest in debenture Sales Share capital Creditors Reserve fund Profit and loss appropriation account 6% debenture 30000 550000 5000 200000 10000 200000 100000 25000 20000 5000 200000 10000 20000 20000 5000 800000 450000 10000 20000 20000 100000 Total Trial Balance Adjustments Closing stock at the end of the year was of  £ 30000 Provide Depreciation on building at 5% and machinery at 10% and provision for doubtful debts to be maintained at 5% on sundry debtors Outstanding salary was  £2000 and wages were prepaid for  £ 3000 The Directors decided to pay 10% dividend on paid up capital and transfer  £10,000 to the reserve fund out of profit. particulars Debit  £ particulars Credit  £ To stock 1-1 To purchase To fuel, power To wages 20000 Less, pre-paid 3000 To gross profit c/d To Depreciationed 30000 550000 5000 17000 228000 By sales By closing stock 800000 30000 830000 830000 Total 830000 Total 830000

College Athletes Essay

For the longest time the NCAA was never a multi-billion dollar industry; many years they did not make half of that. Many big colleges had budgets that would make teams such as Alabama, Georgia, Miami, Oregon, Etc. laugh about what they were able to provide for sports. There have been questions for years about whether a college athlete should be paid or not and if athletes deserve to be paid for what they do at that level, after already being paid to go to school there, for most of the players. When athletes go to college they still put themselves in the same physical danger as a professional athlete does. The NCAA alone is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over 845 billion dollars last year in 2011. Facts have shown that college athletes in the NCAA, on an annual salary, make zero dollars; however, it is a blessing that they are going to school for free. This business is that they get all the work done and the business they want to come in and basically the NCAA athletes work for free. Having a scholarship and having their education paid for is something great but the money they get for school is not the only money they need for the bumpy road to their profession. The billions of dollars that is received annually is nowhere close to being equitable to just a bachelor’s degree. What the student athletes are earning is a big slice of heaven to some students and their families of course, but it showed accumulate to something higher than that degree of college education. â€Å"The NCAA has been historically stubborn over changing its ways to adapt to the times. But lately, even NCAA President Mark Emmert has conceded that it may be time for college players in big money sports to start getting a cash stipend amounting to as much as a few thousand dollars per year. † (Blake Baxter, Eureka College) At least the president of the NCAA has been admiring the idea of giving money to the players and helping them through their college years. Being an athlete in college is having a job, and their job is to bust their butts at practice, come to play on game day, and repeat that cycle, with no pay. Many athletes with their schedules do not have time to make themselves meals, so they have to buy food or they drive to places where they could get it- which costs money in gas. Football and basketball at the Division One level have been the biggest suppliers of money because many of their revenues. These two sports have evolved to the level that coaches and universities are making staggering amounts of money off of the talent of their student-athletes. With the amount of money coaches and schools make, the athletes should be able to get paid for their hard work, all the pain that they put their bodies through, the countless hours of practice workouts, and classes. Surely they need to be paid for putting it all on the line. Argument #2 Many college athletes make decisions that will change their lives- such as Trent Richardson, who played for University Of Alabama. Richardson had to deal with the decision of having to raise two children while being a full time college athlete. When all this was going on, Richardson had no income what so ever, no time, and was dedicated to the football program at U of A. Richardson brought publicity to his school and to other athletes with children that they were trying to raise. While Richardson was at school playing, his two daughters would be at home with their mother watching their daddy play and kissing the screen when he would appear. â€Å"He’s a big strong guy, he’s hitting everybody in practice. And when he’s around his kids, he’s a completely different person,† running back Eddie Lacy said. â€Å"He’s real sweet. He’s a good father. † With all the strength he shows on the field and the sweetness he shares with his daughter, and the hard work he and others put out, they still earn zero dollars each year. It shows and tells all the time- he puts in time and effort to make it in life and take care of his girls â€Å"It’s a level of maturity you don’t normally find among guys his age,† running backs coach Burton Burns said. â€Å"They are a priority for him. He has a tough schedule with school and football, but he is going to find time to spend with those girls. † That level of maturity should never be second guessed and overlooked to give certain players money to get through school and help raise their family like in Richardson’s situation. He is basically working a full time job, going to school, and playing football for Coach Saben. He needs to get what he earns, which would be a little salary. A father and athlete that could say this â€Å"I don’t want them to struggle like I did, to go through the stuff I had to go through,† Richardson said. â€Å"That’s really motivated me on the field. â€Å"Because when I play with my girls on my mind, I feel like nobody can stop me. † Richardson is not the only struggling college athlete. There are a lot of other teams in college that have athletes that participate in the games and practices but do not get any profit from their hard work and dedication. Argument #3 Eric LeGrand, the former Rutgers University football player who was paralyzed from the neck down during a 2010 game, GIving the same effort that each professional athlete makes each game day. Players putting their bodies in this physical danger, and only getting a certain degree when graduating after four years of college. LeGrand the Big Defensive Lineman was on kick off team running down the field trying to make a tackle, and when hitting a player he fell to the ground and was motionless; it was devastating. â€Å"The way Eric lives his life epitomizes what we are looking for in Buccaneer Men,† Schiano said. If the NCAA would recognize the effort and the danger these athletes are put in, they would be generous and give college athletes a little salary. Players like LeGrand are why i stand behind the decision to pay the players a little profit of what they help make. Without all of these amazing athletes i dont beleive the schools would encounter most of the money they make as a university or college. NOt just football, other sports bring in huge amounts of money from ticket sales, team apparel sales, etc. College Athletes are the epitome of where all the money comes from and deserve more then a bachelor degree, and deserve a little allowance for all their hardwork, bringing in a lot of the income. Works cited http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/sports/college/football/acc/story/2012-01-08/tough-guy-richardson-softens-up-as-a-dad/52458854/1 http://www. cbssports. com/collegefootball/story/21575106/if-college-athletes-really-owe-schools-money-then-they-must-be-paid

Second Battle of Bull Run of the American Civil War

The Second Battle of Bull Run (also called the Second Manassas, Groveton, Gainesville, and Brawners Farm) took place during the second year of the American Civil War. It was a major disaster for the Union forces and a turning point in both strategy and leadership for the North in the attempt to bring the war to its conclusion. Fought in late August of 1862 near Manassas, Virginia, the two-day brutal battle was one of the bloodiest of the conflict. Overall, casualties totaled 22,180, with 13,830 of those Union soldiers. Background The first Battle of the Bull Run occurred 13 months earlier when both sides had gone gloriously to war for their separate notions of what the ideal United States should be. Most people believed that it would take only one big decisive battle to resolve their differences. But the North lost the first Bull Run battle, and by August of 1862, the war had become an unrelentingly brutal affair. In the spring of 1862, Maj. Gen. George McClellan ran the Peninsula Campaign to recapture the Confederate capital at Richmond, in a grueling series of battles that culminated in the Battle of Seven Pines. It was a partial Union victory, but the emergence of the Confederate Robert E. Lee as a military leader in that battle would cost the North dearly. Leadership Change Maj. Gen. John Pope was appointed by Lincoln in June of 1862 to command the Army of Virginia as a replacement for McClellan. Pope was far more aggressive than McClellan but was generally despised by his chief commanders, all of whom technically outranked him. At the time of the second Manassas, Popes new army had three corps of 51,000 men, led by Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks, and Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell. Eventually, another 24,000 men would join from parts of three corps from McClellans Army of the Potomac, led by Maj. Gen. Jesse Reno. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee was also new to the leadership: His military star rose at Richmond. But unlike Pope, Lee was an able tactician and admired and respected by his men. In the run-up to the Second Bull Run battle, Lee saw that the Union forces were yet divided, and sensed an opportunity existed to destroy Pope before heading south to finish McClellan. The Army of Northern Virginia was organized into two wings of 55,000 men, commanded by Maj. Gen. James Longstreet and Maj. Gen. Thomas Stonewall Jackson.   A New Strategy for the North One of the elements that surely led to the fierceness of the battle was the change in strategy from the North. President Abraham Lincolns original policy allowed southern noncombatants who had been captured to go back to their farms and escape the cost of war. But the policy failed miserably. Noncombatants continued to support the South in ever-increasing ways, as suppliers for food and shelter, as spies on the Union forces, and as participants in guerrilla warfare. Lincoln instructed Pope and other generals to begin pressuring the civilian population by bringing some of the hardships of war to them. In particular, Pope ordered harsh penalties for guerilla attacks, and some in Popes army interpreted this to mean pillage and steal. That enraged Robert E. Lee. In July of 1862, Pope had his men concentrate at Culpeper courthouse on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad about 30 miles north of Gordonsville between the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers. Lee  sent Jackson and the left wing to move north to Gordonsville to meet Pope. On Aug. 9, Jackson defeated Banks corps at  Cedar Mountain, and by Aug. 13, Lee moved Longstreet north as well.   Timeline of Key Events Aug. 22–25: Several indecisive skirmishes took place across and along the Rappahannock River. McClellans forces began to join Pope, and in response Lee sent Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuarts cavalry division around to the Union right flank. Aug. 26: Marching northward, Jackson seized Popes supply depot in the woods at Groveton, and then struck at the Orange Alexandria Railroad Bristoe Station. Aug. 27: Jackson captured and destroyed the massive Union supply depot at Manassas Junction, forcing Pope into retreat from the Rappahannock. Jackson routed the New Jersey Brigade near Bull Run Bridge, and another battle was fought at Kettle Run, resulting in 600 casualties. During the night, Jackson moved his men north to the first Bull Run battlefield. Aug. 28: At 6:30 p.m., Jackson ordered his troops to attack a Union column as it marched along the Warrenton Turnpike. The battle was engaged on Brawner Farm, where it lasted until dark. Both sustained heavy losses. Pope misinterpreted the battle as a retreat and ordered his men to trap Jacksons men. Aug. 29: At 7:00 in the morning, Pope sent a group of men against a Confederate position north of the turnpike in a series of uncoordinated and largely unsuccessful attacks. He sent conflicting instructions to do this to his commanders, including Maj. Gen. John Fitz Porter, who chose not to follow them. By afternoon, Longstreets Confederate troops reached the battlefield and deployed on Jacksons right, overlapping the Union left. Pope continued to misinterpret the activities and did not receive news of Longstreets arrival until after dark. Aug. 30: The morning was quiet—both sides took the time to confer with their lieutenants. By afternoon, Pope continued to assume incorrectly that the Confederates were leaving, and began planning a massive attack to pursue them. But Lee had gone nowhere, and Popes commanders knew that. Only one of his wings ran with him. Lee and Longstreet moved forward with 25,000 men against the Unions left flank. The North was repelled, and Pope faced disaster. What prevented Popes death or capture was a heroic stand on Chinn Ridge and Henry House Hill, which distracted the South and bought enough time for Pope to withdraw across Bull Run towards Washington around 8:00 p.m. Aftermath The humiliating defeat of the North at the second Bull Run included 1,716 killed, 8,215 wounded and 3,893 missing from the North, a total of 13,824 alone from Popes army. Lee suffered 1,305 killed and 7,048 wounded. Pope blamed his defeat on a conspiracy of his officers for not joining in the attack on Longstreet, and court-martialed Porter for disobedience. Porter was convicted in 1863 but exonerated in 1878. The Second Battle of Bull Run was a sharp contrast to the first. Lasting two days of brutal, bloody battle, it was the worst the war had yet seen. To the Confederacy, the win was the crest of their northward-rushing movement, beginning their first invasion when Lee reached the Potomac River in Maryland on Sept. 3. To the Union, it was a devastating defeat, sending the North into a depression that was only remedied by the quick mobilization needed to repel the invasion of Maryland. The Second Manassas is a study of the ills that pervaded the Union high command in Virginia before U.S. Grant was chosen to head up the army. Popes incendiary personality and policies bared a deep schism among his officers, Congress and the North. He was relieved of his command on Sept. 12, 1862, and Lincoln moved him out to Minnesota to participate in the Dakota Wars with the Sioux. Sources Hennessy, John J. Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. Print.Luebke, Peter C. Second Manassas Campaign. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities 2011. Web. Accessed April 13, 2018.Tompkins, Gilbert. The Unlucky Right Wing. The North American Review 167.504 (1898): 639–40. Print.Wert, Jeffry. Second Battle of Manassas: Union Major General John Pope Was No Match for Robert E. Lee. History.net. 1997 [2006]. Web. Accessed April 13, 2018.Zimm, John. This Wicked Rebellion: Wisconsin Civil War Soldiers Write Home. The Wisconsin Magazine of History 96.2 (2012): 24–27. Print.